Maternal BMI and age as a risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus (based on IADPSG criteria)
Irina Bunak (RU), Tatyana Shestakova (RU)
[BUNAK] Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI), [Shestakova] Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI)
Context: previously maternal overweight or obesity and age over 30 years considered risk factors of GDM. There is no enough data about a risk factors of GDM in women who met IADPSG criteria. Objective: to study impact of maternal BMI and age on GDM, diagnosed by IADPSG criteria. Material and methods: 203 pregnant women aged 29,3±5,4years, BMI 24,9±5,2. 1st group-129 pregnant women with GDM, diagnosed by high fasting glucose level in early pregnancy or by OGTT in 24-28 weeks of gestation, 2nd group-74 pregnant women without GDM (control group). Results: pregnant women with GDM were older than non-GDM women (29,9±5,4years vs.28,0±5,2years, р=0,05) and had higher BMI (26,0±5,6 vs.23,0±4,0, р=0,0001). The proportion of obese women and women over 30 years was higher in 1st group than in 2nd group (27,1% vs.6,8%, p=0,0001; 45,7% vs.27,0%, p=0,009 respectively). The fasting glucose level in 1st group was 5,04±0,6mmol/l and it depends on BMI: 4,9±0,6mmol/l in woman with normal weight, 5,1±0,6mmol/l in overweight women, 5,2±0,5mmol/l in women with obesity, р=0,03. At the same time the fasting glucose level in 1st group was higher in women under 25years (5,3±0,6mmol/l) compared with women at 25-30years (4,9±0,6mmol/l) and over 30years (5,1±0,6mmol/l), р=0,034. The fasting glucose level in 2nd group didn’t depend on maternal age or BMI (p=0,3 & p=0,7 respectively). Women with high fasting glucose level in early pregnancy were older than women with GDM, diagnosed by OGTT (p=0,02) and had obesity more frequently (p=0,0008). Women with GDM, diagnosed by OGTT were older as compared with non-GDM women (р=0,04), but BMI was the same . Conclusions: maternal obesity and age over 30years are risk factors of GDM, diagnosed by IADPSG criteria; obesity is a risk factor of hyperglycemia in early pregnancy but not in OGTT.